15 December 2019
Banks can choose between two broad methodologies for calculating their risk-based capital requirements for credit risk. The first is the standardised approach which assigns standardised risk weights to exposures. The second risk-weighted capital treatment for measuring credit risk, the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach, allows banks to use their internal rating systems for credit risk, subject to the explicit approval of the bank’s supervisor.
This standard describes the framework for risk-based capital requirements.
This standard describes the criteria that bank capital instruments must meet to be eligible to satisfy the Basel capital requirements, as well as necessary regulatory adjustments and transitional arrangements.
Three categories of instruments are permitted, each governed by a single set of criteria that instruments are required to meet before inclusion in the relevant category. These are common Equity Tier 1 (going-concern capital), additional Tier 1 (going-concern capital) and tier 2 Capital (gone-concern capital). Total regulatory capital is the sum of Common Equity Tier 1, Additional Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital, net of regulatory adjustments.
This framework will be applied on a consolidated basis to internationally active banks. Consolidated supervision is the best means to provide supervisors with a comprehensive view of risks and to reduce opportunities for regulatory arbitrage.
The scope of application of the framework will include, on a fully consolidated basis, any holding company that is the parent entity within a banking group to ensure that it captures the risk of the whole banking group.
This standard describes how to calculate capital requirements for market risk and credit valuation adjustment risk.
This standard describes how to calculate capital requirements for operational risk. The framework outlined in this standard presents three methods for calculating operational risk capital requirements in a continuum of increasing sophistication and risk sensitivity, viz., the Basic Indicator Approach, the Standardised Approach and Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMAs).
The net stable funding ratio requires banks to maintain a stable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance-sheet activities.
The large exposures standard limits the maximum loss that a bank could face in the event of a sudden counterparty failure to a level that does not endanger the bank’s solvency. This standard requires banks to measure their exposures to a single counterparty or a group of connected counterparties and limit the size of large exposures in relation to their capital.
Appropriate margining practices should be in place with respect to all derivatives transactions that are not cleared by central counterparties (CCPs). This standard establishes minimum standards for margin requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives. Such requirements reduce systemic risk with respect to non-standardised derivatives by reducing contagion and spillover risks and promoting central clearing.
The supervisory review process of the Framework is intended not only to ensure that banks have adequate capital and liquidity to support all the risks in their business, but also to encourage banks to develop and use better risk management techniques in monitoring and managing their risks.