Consolidated Basel Framework – calculation of RWA for credit risk (CRE)

Last updated: December 2022

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Banks can choose between two broad methodologies for calculating their risk-based capital requirements for credit risk. The first is the standardised approach which assigns standardised risk weights to exposures. The second risk-weighted capital treatment for measuring credit risk, the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach, allows banks to use their internal rating systems for credit risk, subject to the explicit approval of the bank’s supervisor.

Consolidated Basel Framework – calculation of RWA for operational risk (OPE)

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This standard describes how to calculate capital requirements for operational risk. The framework outlined in this standard presents three methods for calculating operational risk capital requirements in a continuum of increasing sophistication and risk sensitivity, viz., the Basic Indicator Approach, the Standardised Approach and Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMAs).

Consolidated Basel Framework – leverage ratio (LEV)

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This standard describes the simple, transparent, non-risk-based leverage ratio. This measure intends to restrict the build-up of leverage in the banking sector and reinforce the risk-based requirements with a simple, non-risk-based “backstop” measure.

Consolidated Basel Framework – net stable funding ratio (NSF)

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The net stable funding ratio requires banks to maintain a stable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance-sheet activities.

Consolidated Basel Framework – large exposure (LEX)

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The large exposures standard limits the maximum loss that a bank could face in the event of a sudden counterparty failure to a level that does not endanger the bank’s solvency. This standard requires banks to measure their exposures to a single counterparty or a group of connected counterparties and limit the size of large exposures in relation to their capital.

Consolidated Basel Framework – margin requirements (MGN)

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Appropriate margining practices should be in place with respect to all derivatives transactions that are not cleared by central counterparties (CCPs). This standard establishes minimum standards for margin requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives. Such requirements reduce systemic risk with respect to non-standardised derivatives by reducing contagion and spillover risks and promoting central clearing.

Consolidated Basel Framework – supervisory review process (SRP)

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The supervisory review process of the Framework is intended not only to ensure that banks have adequate capital and liquidity to support all the risks in their business, but also to encourage banks to develop and use better risk management techniques in monitoring and managing their risks.

Consolidated Basel Framework – disclosure requirements (DIS)

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The provision of meaningful information about common key risk metrics to market participants is a fundamental tenet of a sound banking system. It reduces information asymmetry and helps promote comparability of banks’ risk profiles within and across jurisdictions. Pillar 3 of the Basel framework aims to promote market discipline through regulatory disclosure requirements. These requirements enable market participants to access key information relating to a bank’s regulatory capital and risk exposures in order to increase transparency and confidence about a bank’s exposure to risk and the overall adequacy of its regulatory capital.